itertools module - combinatoric iterators

By Martin McBride, 2022-08-18
Tags: product permutations combinations itertools python standard library
Categories: python standard library


The itertools module provides several combinatoric iterators. These functions take one or more input iterables and return an iterator that provides a specific set of combinations of the elements of those iterables.

The itertools functions in this section are:

  • Cartesian product - generates the cartesian product of two or more lists.
  • Permutations - generates all possible permutations of items from a list.
  • Combinations - generates all possible combinations of items from a list. When using the combinations, an item cannot be used more than once (that is sometimes called combinations without replacement). Alternatively, the combinations_with_replacement function generates all possible combinations of items from a list with, replacements. That means that an item from the list can be used more than once.

The functions can be applied to lists or more generally to any iterable data.

Related articles

Join the GraphicMaths/PythonInformer Newsletter

Sign up using this form to receive an email when new content is added to the graphpicmaths or pythoninformer websites:

If you found this article useful, you might be interested in the book NumPy Recipes or other books by the same author.

Popular tags

2d arrays abstract data type and angle animation arc array arrays bar chart bar style behavioural pattern bezier curve built-in function callable object chain circle classes close closure cmyk colour combinations comparison operator context context manager conversion count creational pattern data science data types decorator design pattern device space dictionary drawing duck typing efficiency ellipse else encryption enumerate fill filter for loop formula function function composition function plot functools game development generativepy tutorial generator geometry gif global variable greyscale higher order function hsl html image image processing imagesurface immutable object in operator index inner function input installing integer iter iterable iterator itertools join l system lambda function latex len lerp line line plot line style linear gradient linspace list list comprehension logical operator lru_cache magic method mandelbrot mandelbrot set map marker style matplotlib monad mutability named parameter numeric python numpy object open operator optimisation optional parameter or pandas path pattern permutations pie chart pil pillow polygon pong positional parameter print product programming paradigms programming techniques pure function python standard library range recipes rectangle recursion regular polygon repeat rgb rotation roundrect scaling scatter plot scipy sector segment sequence setup shape singleton slicing sound spirograph sprite square str stream string stroke structural pattern symmetric encryption template tex text tinkerbell fractal transform translation transparency triangle truthy value tuple turtle unpacking user space vectorisation webserver website while loop zip zip_longest